Archaeological finds beyond the Nara capital are adding greatly to our understanding of how the ritsuryô realm functioned and developed in the provinces. Taking us particularly close to the daily life of ordinary subjects are excavations of district offices (gûke) including affiliated units such as transit stations (umaya), ports, ritual places, townships (gô), district temples, and militia (gundan) camps. Here I will discuss a few exemplary finds of district offices that are providing exciting new insights into the role of the districts in the ritsuryô process that knit the eighth-century realm together.