11:15-11:45 Cassandra Dierolf, USC East Asian Studies Center
“Research Concerning Property and Inheritance Rights of Women in the 12th and 13th Centuries”
For my master’s thesis I have researched women’s property and inheritance rights as they appear in the laws of the later Heian and Kamakura Periods. First, I examined the law book known as the Hōsōshiyōshō written by the Sakanoue family in the very late Heian/very early Kamakura Period. The legal scholars of the Sakanoue family recorded the precedents set by and their understanding of laws concerning women’s property and inheritance rights as practiced by noble families of the time. Next, I examined the legal text known as the Goseibai shikimoku, established by the Kamakura bakufu to shape the process of lodging suits in bakufu courts by their houseman warriors in the Kamakura Period (1185-1333). I also researched what is known as the Tsuika hō, created after the Goseibai shikimoku, after a number of lawsuits occurred, and the rulings of those cases became new or supplementary laws. Within the Hōsōshiyōshō, the Goseibai shikimoku, and the Tsuika hō, there are a number of clauses that concern the rights of women in holding land. Particularly, in an examination of Clause 24 (est. 1232) of the Goseibai shikimoku, and Clauses 327 (est. 1239) and 330 (est. 1285) of the Tsuika hō, the limiting of women’s property rights over a fifty-year period is very clear. In this presentation, to illustrate the change in women’s property rights, these three clauses will be discussed in some detail.
修士論文のため、平安時代後期から鎌倉時代の法律における女性の財産権や継承権を研究した。まずは、平安末期から鎌倉初期にかけて、坂上氏により「法曹至要抄」という法律書を調べた。法曹官僚の坂上氏はその時の公家に関する法律の前例や分かることを記された。次に、鎌倉時代の鎌倉幕府が武士階級を統制するための制定された御成敗式目という法律制度を調べた。そして、御成敗式目の後、訴訟がいくつか起こされ、その訴訟の判決から新しい条項が成立し、「追加法」と呼ばれている法律を研究した。この法曹至要抄と御成敗式目と追加法には、女性が所領を持つ権利に関する条項がいくつかある。御成敗式目の２４条（１２３２年）と追加法の３２６条（１２３９年）、３３０条（１２８５年）を見ると、５０年ぐらいの間に女性の財産権が制限されるようになったことが明確になる。本発表では、女性の財産権の変化を見せるため、この三つの条項について詳しく論じる。